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Publishing date: Imagine a human eye five centimeters in diameter. Now, imagine that there is also half a meter from its pupil to the retina. This is basically what a telescope is—a giant eyeball. Our eye acts as a lens: it doesn't see the objects themselves, it sees the light reflected from their surface (that's also why we don't see anything in the dark). Light passes through the crystalline lens to the retina, which sends impulses to our brain, which, in turn, forms a picture. The only difference between a human eye and a telescope is that the telescope lens is much bigger and, therefore, gathers light even from distant objects that our eye simply cannot see.

Even though the principle is the same, telescopes vary in design. First, let's talk about refracting telescopes, or refractors. A refractor is basically a tube with a double-convex lens—like this: ( )—on each end. They gather light from celestial objects, refract it, and focus it, so we can see an image in the eyepiece. Now, let's move on to reflecting telescopes, or reflectors.

Instead of refracting light rays, they reflect them. A basic reflector is a tube with two mirrors inside.

There is an objective lens at the front, a bigger mirror in the back, and a smaller mirror in the middle of the telescope tube. Light that passes through the objective lens is reflected from the larger mirror to the smaller one—mounted at a specific angle—which then reflects the rays to the eyepiece, where we see the resulting image of an object. You can easily tell a reflector from a refractor: reflectors have their eyepieces mounted on the side of the tube, while refractors have them on the end of the telescope tube. As with Nikon vs. Canon, reflectors vs. Refractors has been a subject of many heated discussions among stargazers the world over.

Let's take a closer look at both optical designs. Refractors are easier to use and maintain; you can easily transport them without worrying about breaking mirrors, and store them without dreading a speck of dust getting inside the telescope tube. Terrestrial observations aren't a problem either because the produced image is not inverted. Reflectors are far more fragile but allow you to study deep-sky objects and try your hand at astrophotography. In general, refractors are better suited for beginners, while reflectors are perfect for experienced stargazers. Well, since refractors are simpler, we'll be using them as an example, to better understand the way telescopes work, and we'll be using telescopes from Levenhuk for that purpose because they are perfect for beginners.

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